Fundamentação teórica para iontoforese / Theoretical background to iontophoresis

A iontoforese e uma tecnica nao invasiva de administracao de agentes ionicos terapeuticos que utiliza corrente eletrica para prover uma maneira controlada de aumentar a transferencia. Objetivo: apresentar uma perpectiva historica e os principais fundamentos teoricos envolvidos na transferencia por iontoforese, a fim de incentivar o fisioterapeuta a pratica racional e a investigacao cientifica. Metodo: o artigo foi elaborado como uma revisao da literatura relativa aos fundamentos para iontoforese. Resultados: sao descritos os termos relativos a instrumentacao, os mecanismos de transferencia, a estimativa de penetracao ionica e os principais fatores que influenciam a tecnica. Conclusao: a iontoforese constitui uma alternativa para potencializar a transferencia de substancias ionizaveis, garantindo niveis de concentracao superiores a difusao passiva nao facilitada pela corrente eletrica, suficientes para desencadear os efeitos terapeuticos desejados

Prevalence study of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in university students.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in university students from 19 to 25 years old, male and female, through the distribution of frequency of the data obtained from a questionnaire and physical examination. The results showed that 68% of the subjects exhibited some degree of TMD, and the women were the most affected. Signs and symptoms such as articular sounds, pain to palpation of the masticatory, cervical and scapular girdle musculature, subjective sensation of emotional stress, and postural and occlusal changes were more evident in the group with TMD, although they were also present in subjects classified as TMD-free. Limitations in the mandibular movements were not found. The association of the obtained data allowed identifying a high prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD in the Brazilian university population.